How a single receptor-like kinase exerts diverse roles: lessons from FERONIA

Abstract FERONIA (FER) is a member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) protein subfamily, which participates in reproduction, abiotic stress, biotic cell growth, hormone response, and other molecular mechanisms plants. However, mechanism by single RLK capable mediating multiple signals activating cellular responses remains unclear. Here, we summarize research progress revealing spatial–temporal expression FER, along with its co-receptors ligands determined function FER signaling pathway organs. The specificity proposed to operate under four-layered mechanism: (1) Spatial–temporal co-receptors, specify diverse functions, (2) Specific or ligand combinations trigger variable pathways, (3) Diverse confer perception response modes, (4) Unique downstream components that modify responses. Moreover, regulation pathway- appears depend on interaction among ligands, receptors, components, may be general RLKs maintain signal specificity. This review will provide insight into understanding determination both model horticultural crops.